Clinical Symtomps and Diagnosis Bronchiectasis

Clinical Symptoms of Bronchiectasis

• Chronic productive cough, continuous or repetitive.
• Coughing up blood, blood mixed sputum to massive coughing up blood.
• acute exacerbation accompanied by heat.
• Sputum mucoid, or purulent mukopurulen, when collected in a transparent glass look three layers: a layer of froth on top, the middle layer of mucus, pus and debris lining the bottom.
• Shortness of breath, and breath sounds.
• local wet crackles and settled.
• Wheezing can be found.
• Cachexia, cyanosis and clubbing in advanced cases.

Diagnosis
Diagnosis of bronchiectasis is established on the basic of:

• Complaints and symptoms were found on physical examination.
• Chest X-ray PA photo: normal in mild bronchiectasis. In severe cases, can seem "tram tracks" (two parallel lines like a tram tracks). The existence of the shadow ring when cut crosswise. If there is mucus plugging thick  --> linear density, or Y-shaped or V ("gloves-finger sign"). In cystic bronchiectasis, cystic cavities appear diameter of 3 cm sometimes appear water-fluid levels or nodules (when it was full).
• Bronchography using contrast material, if planned for surgery. Picture looks cylindrical, varicose or cystic.
• Examination of sputum (Gram and TTH), cultures of bacteria and fungi.
• Antibiotic sensitivity tests.
• Tests pulmonary physiology: VC and FEV1.

DIfferential Diagnosis

• Chronic bronchitis
• Bronchial carcinoma
• Cystic fibrosis
• Congenital heart abnormalities (with cyanosis and clubbing).
• Pulmonary Tuberculosis.

Complications of Bronchiectasis

• Coughing massive blood
• Pneumonia
• Lung Abscess
• Emphysema
• Pleural effusion / empyema
• Cor pulmonale
• Respiratory Failure.

Prognosis
Depending on the cause, location, and extent of abnormalities. With antibiotics and respiratory hygiene, improved prognosis.

Management of Bronchiectasis

Tags :diagnosis bronchiectasis, what is bronchiectasis, bronchiectasis COPD, bronchiectasis symptoms, bronchiectasis treatment, bronchiectasis definition, cystic bronchiectasis