Pulmonary Edema

Definitions Edema, in general, means swelling. This typically occurs when fluid from the inside of blood vessels leak out of blood vessels into surrounding tissues, causing swelling. This can occur because of too much pressure in blood vessels or there is not enough proteins in the blood stream to hold the liquid in the plasma (part of blood that does not contain any blood cells). Pulmonary Edema is the term used when edema occurs in the lungs. The area immediately outside of the small blood vessels in the lung occupied by air pockets are very small, called alveoli. This is where oxygen from the air through which blood is taken by, and carbon...

Respiratory Failure

Respiratory failure is the inability of the respiratory system to maintain normal blood oxygenation (PaO2), elimination of carbon dioxide (PaCO2) and pH Adequate ventilation problem caused by diffusion or perfusion. Respiratory failure is inadequate gas exchange to hypoxia, hypercapnia (increased arterial carbon dioxide concentration), and acidosis. Respiratory failure occurs when the exchange of O2 to CO2 in the lungs can not maintain the rate of O2 consumption and CO2 formation in the body's cells causing pO2 <> 2> 45 mmHg (hypercapnia) (Smeltzer, C Susane, 2001) Causes / Etiology 1. The central nervous system depression Resulting...

Benefits and Risk of Asthma Drugs

Talk about the asthma medication, not separated from the wide selection of types of drugs available. Starting from the class of drugs, intended use, as well as dosage forms. Different classes of drugs will show different effects. Different effects will affect the intended use, whether the drugs used to prevent or to cope with current asthma relapse. While the dosage form influencing onset (time taken from drug to drug consumption have an effect) and the effectiveness of medications so usually adjust to the goals of treatment and the patient's condition. But keep in mind the drug in addition to having the benefit, of course not separated from...

Pulmonary Embolism

Pulmonary embolism is the obstruction of one or more pulmonary artery by a thrombus originating from somewhere. (Brunner and Suddarth) Pulmonary embolism (PE) is a blockage of the main artery of the lung or one of its branches by a substance That has Travelled from elsewhere in the body through the bloodstream (embolism). (Wikipedia) Causes Most cases of pulmonary embolism according to Brunner and Suddarth caused by 1. Blood clot 2. Air bubble 3. Fat 4. Tumor cells Pulmonary Embolism (PE)Overview Causes Clinical Manifestations Pathophysiology Diagnostic Examination Investigations Complication Medical Management Clinical Manifestations The...

Radiological Abnormalities of Atelectasis

When the whole lung is deflated, there will be a homogeneous shadow on the sides of it, to heart and went to the department's trachea and the diaphragm lifted. When only one lobe of the atelaktasis caused by bronchial obstruction, may appear two characteristic abnormalities. The first abnormality is a shadow of a homogeneous than the deflated lobe itself, which will occupy a smaller space than when it develops at all. A right upper lobe collapse would appear as an opaque area at the top, with a limit that is strictly concave beneath the clavicle near the fissures caused by the raised horizontalis. The left upper lobe usually includes Lingula...

Prevention & Treatment of Atelectasis

Prevention Treatment of atelectasis based on the etiology of the disease. However, prevention is the most important factor. The fundamental framework of therapy is early mobilization and frequent position changes on the client or the client postoperative bedrest. Breath in an orderly important because the client is generally a decline in the influence of anesthesia awareness, decreased mobility, and pain. Mucolytic bronchodilator and, if indicated, and chest physiotherapy will greatly help, adequate ventilation can be increased primarily to changes in position, effective coughing, deep breathing or incentive spirometry. There are several ways...

Atelectasis

Atelectasis is a common acute restrictive disease occurs, include the collapse of lung tissue or lung functional unit. Atelectasis is a common problem post-surgery clients. Atelectasis is incomplete lung expansion at birth (neonatorum atelectasis) or collapse before fully developed alveoli, which are usually found in adults that is atelectasis acquired. Atelectasis is shriveling, some or all of the lung caused by blockage of the airways (bronchi and bronchioles) or by very shallow breathing. Pulmonary Atelectasis is a state or part of the lung who have developed resistance to perfect that developing lung aeration or completely filled with air. As...

Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS)

Acute respiratory distress syndrome(ARDS)Overview Etiology Risk Factors Pathophysiology Clinical Manifestations Diagnostic Examination Therapeutic Management Complication Medical Management Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) or also known as Respiratory Distress Syndrome (RDS) is an immature development of the respiratory system or an inadequate amount of surfactant in the lung. RDS is said to be hyaline membrane disease (HMD). Respiratory Distress Syndrome (RDS) is the immature development of the respiratory system or an inadequate amount of surfactant in the lung. RDS is said to be hyaline membrane disease (HMD). ARDS formerly most...

Aspiration Pneumonia

Aspiration PneumoniaOverview Incidence Etiology Epidemiology Pathogenesis Pathophysiology Clinical Symptoms Diagnosis Examination Support Mortality / Morbidity Differential Diagnosis Prognosis ComplicationOverview Aspiration pneumonia is an inflammation of the lung parenchyma, distal to the terminal bronchioles which includes respiratory bronchioles, and alveoli, as well as consolidation of lung tissue and cause disorders setempat.yang gas exchange caused by foreign body aspiration bersal both in body and outside the patient's body. Histological examination of inflammatory reactions are pneumonitis or alveolitis and collection of exudate that...